Friday, October 22, 2010

(TG) Oct. 21, 2010: Quantum Mechanics


CHEMISTRY NOTES
QUANTUM MECHANICS


·         Different levels of electrons: s, p, d, and f orbitals
·         As you increase levels, the orbitals get larger

BOHRS THEORY:

·         The electron is a particle that must be in orbital in the atom
QUANTUM THEORY:
·         The electron is like a cloud of negative energy or a wave
·         Orbitals are areas in 3D spaces where the electrons most probably are
·         The energy of the electron is in its vibrational modes – like notes on a guitar string
·         Photons are produced when high energy modes change to lower energy modes

S ORBITALS:

·         Each orbital holds 2 electrons
(hydrogen and helium)
                         P ORBITALS
·         There are 3 suborbitals
·         Each contains 2 electrons
·         Total of 6 electrons (3 x 2 = 6)
D ORBITALS
·         There are 5 suborbitals
·         Each contains 2 electrons
·         Total electrons: (2 x 5 = 10)
F ORBITALS
·         There are 7 suborbitals
·         Each contains 2 electrons
·         Total electrons: (7 x 2 = 14)
·         Can be made into nuclear bombs


Examples:
1.       How many and what type of electrons does the atom calcium have?

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2




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