(TG) Nov: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE

ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS: 

• the nucleus is represented by the atomic symbol
• for individual elements determine the number of valence electrons
• electrons are represented by dots around the symbol
• four orbitals (one on each side of the nucleus) ea holding a maximum of 2 electrons
• Each orbital gets one electron before they begin to pair up

examples:

CARBON

LEWIS DIAGRAMS FOR COMPOUNDS AND IONS

• In covalent compounds electrons are shared

1. Determine the number of valence electrons for each atom
2. Place atoms do the valence electron are shared to fill each orbital

example:

NF(little3)

DOUBLE AND TRIPLE BONDS:

• Sometimes the only way covalent compounds can fit all their valence levels is if they share more than one electron  

example: 

CO(little2)

IONIC COMPOUNDS

• in ionic compounds electron transfer from one element to another
• determine the number of valence electrons on the cation. Move these to the anion
• Draw [ ] around the metal and the nonmetal
• Write the charges outside the brackets

example: