(NR) KETONES

- A ketone is a hydrocarbon chain with a double bonded oxygen that is NOT on either end.

- still follow the standard rules and add "-ONE" to the parent chain.

EX:
draw the following organic chemicals!

4,4 dibromo 6 floro 2,3 dimethyl 3 hexanone

3 ethyl 5,1 difloro 2 phenyl octone

name the following organic chemicals!

 

ALDEHYDES

- an aldehyde is a compound that has a double bonded oxygen at the end of the chain.

- the simplest aldehyde is methanal.

- follow the standard rules and change the parent chain ending to "-AL"
   *** BE CAREFUL WHEN NAMING ALDEHYDES AND ALCOHOLS.

EX:
draw the following:
1,2,3,4 tetraethyl 1 pentyl nonanal

2,4 dichloro 1,5 dimethyl hexanal

name the following:

 

(NR) ALKENES & ALKYNES (double&triple bonds)

- Carbon can form double and triple bonds with Carbon atoms.
- When multiple bonds form fewer hydrogens are attached to the Carbon atom
- Naming rules are almost the same as with Alkanes.
     > The position of the double/ triple bonds ALWAYS has the lowest number and is put in front of the
        parent chain.
- double bonds (ALKENES) end in -ene
- triple bonds (ALKYNES) end in -yne

THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF ALKENES AND ALKYNES!

2 Butane:

5 ethyl 2 8 dimethyldecane

1 Butane

EXAMPLES: TRY THESE:
1) Name:

2) Draw: 2,3, Dimethyl-3,4,4 tetra tetrapropyl decane.
3) Draw: 3, 4, 5 Heptyne

(TG): BONDING & ELECTRONEGATIVITY

BONDING AND ELECTRONEGATIVITY 

Types of Bonds:

• There are 3 types of bonds: Ionic, covalent, metallic

Electronegativity: 

• Electronegativity is how much an atoms wants to join electrons
• Fluorine = 4.0
• Chlorine = 3.0
• Cesium = 0.8
• Atoms with greater en. attract electrons more
• Polar covalent bonds form an unequal sharing of electrons
• Non polar covalent bonds form from equal sharing
• The type of bond formed can be predicted by looking at the difference in en. of the elements
• En is greater than 1.7 = ionic 
• En is less than 1.7 = polar covalent  bond
• En = 0? Non polar covalent bond

EXAMPLES!:

Determine the difference in electronegativity between the following elements: (use your en. chart)

Helium - Lithium = 1.22

Potassium - Sulphur = 1.76

Strontium - Iodine = 1.71

Cobalt - Bromine = 1.08 

Identify the positive and negative sides of the polar bonds. 

 

P - Cu

 

Negative Side - P - Cu - Positive Side

Si - Cr

Negative Side - Si - Cr - Positive Side

 

THESE ARE ALL 100% ORIGINALLY MADE QUESTIONS BROUGHT TO YOU BY: THE ONE AND ONLY TG.

(NR) April 1st, 2011: LAB!

Polar and Non-Polar Solvents Lab

on friday mr. Doktor the Almighty Chemist assigned the class a lab!

The objective of the was to determine if Glycerin is a polar or non-polar.

The materials we used for this lab were...
- test tubes, stoppers and rack
- scupula
- safety goggle and apron
- sodium chloride
- sucrose
- iodine crystals
- paint thinner
- Glycerin

The class observed that when a polar solution mixes with another polar solution AND a non polar solution mixes with another non polar solution these solutions DISSOLVE!
while having to mix a polar solution with a non polar solution (vice versa) the solutions will NOT dissolve!

overall this lab was really fun! we should do more labs... but with explosives!!! hahaha LOL jk jk
WOOOOOOT!!! BLOCK G CHEM IS BETTER THAN BLOCK E YEAAAH BUDDDDY