(TG) Carboxylic Acids, Alcohols and Esters!

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

•  A functional group formed by a doubled bonded O and an OH at the end of a Carbon chain
• Standard rules apply to naming, but change the parent chain ending to -oic acid
• The simplest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid
• 

Examples! Name these compounds: 

            (ethanoic acid, or commonly known as acetic acid.)




     (butanoic, or butyric acid)

Now, draw THESE compounds:

Propanoic acid:  









Pentanoic acid:

Now heres an extra tricky carboxylic acid that every chemist should know:

Benzenoic Acid:






 Great job! Now you're a pro... So lets move on to alcohols.... (dont get TOO excited high school students)

ALCOHOLS

• Alcohols are the functional group that contain OH's as side chains
• There can be OH's on any part of the side chain
• There can be multiple OH's coming off the main chain, and when this happens you use the prefixes di tri tetra etc. (example) methadiol, butatriol etc
• All standard naming rules apply!

Methanol:













Now here are some examples for you try out!: NAME THESE ALCOHOLS:

    Ethanol



                   Ethanediol



DRAW THESE:


propanetriol: 




butanediol:





Here again is a super tricky one when benzene becomes an alcohol!

PHENOL:








great work... now lets move on to our final topic ESTERS!

ESTERS!

• Esters first off, are not to be confused with ethers.
• An ester has 2 chains separated by an O, and then one chain right next to the O has a double bonded O on the first C
• Esters are formed when you add carboxylic acids and alcohols together but we'll get into that after we do the basics
• Name the chain without the double bonded O with an -yl ending, and the one with the double O with an -oate ending.

Methyl Methanoate:

Now that you've seen what it looks like, go ahead and name these:

      methyl ethanoate


  ethyl ethanoate



Draw these!

propyl ethanoate:




ethyl propanoate:




\








and finally, the finale. ESTERFICATION: when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol mix!








Here is a basic explanation. The 2 H's and O form water, and the remainder form the Ester!
Now do these esterfication processes!






   GOOD JOB GUYS!